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AN ‘EXCITING’ AND HISTORIC STORY ABOUT ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

Our ancient ancestors discovered, while still living in burrows, very early the power of making and using heat, by burning wood in fireplaces.

Later generations discovered the secret to make fire from fossil resources (carbon, petroleum, natural gas) and they learned to better maintain the heat, even generating high pressured vapor from water, to accelerate mechanic systems. They called this Thermo Dynamics.

Shortly after they learned that laws of Thermo dynamics could be applied as well and directly to other gases, resulting from the burning processes of fossil resources. That all finally led to the so far best practices of Thermo Dynamics application for ePower generation and Mobility. But there was a growing awareness of the threatening downsides and limitations of Thermo Dynamics, the knowledge, that it’s causing >60% of primary energy losses and even worse it’s the source of >66% of all CO2 emissions.

Those CO2 emissions contribute to Global Warming, with all its currently known and yet foreseeable consequences…

At this stage, our ancestors discovered recently, that changing the burning process and material, but still applying Thermo Dynamics at the outcome site, would mostly eliminate the CO2 emissions… at least at the power plant stage (see further info).

So, they substituted the fossil burning by nuclear fission to produce the heat input for the still Thermo Dynamics based ePower generation. There still remains the unsolved problem of the produced and threatening nuclear output material, which can’t be recycled yet in a sustained way…

Another shared downside, besides the above described losses of Thermodynamics, is the substantial amount of needed cooling water, which needs to be absorbed from the nearby environment (i.e. rivers) and will be returned to it inevitably at higher temperature levels…

That raises the question:

Is Thermo Dynamics still the most appropriate way to transform valuable Primary Energy (coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear) for ePower generation and Mobility acceleration…?

We have to admit, that we are still slaves of Thermo Dynamics, with all its consequences (energy losses, CO2 emissions and other contaminations), even though we already know much better…!

Renewable Energy can be generated, stored (i.e. Electricity and Hydrogen) and applied without Thermo Dynamics!

It’s a common challenge and responsibility to finally leverage this Paradigm Shift…! We owe it to future generations, to act now..!

Bottom line: Ancient fire places have just been transformed into Thermal Power Plants (incl. nuclear), Combined Heat and Power Plants and Internal Combustion Engines…

The great visionary, Arno A. Evers, rose in his book "Hydrogen Society...more than just a Vision?" the challenging question: “Can 35 Steam Locomotives fly..?”

The answer is: “Yes…, it’s just a matter of the molecular constellation..!” .

Now, a miracle similar to the one of the European commercial airliner Airbus A380 needs to be enforced, in order to initiate a Quantum Leap of the energy sector..!

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The quantum leap:
ENERGY COMMUNITIES ('EC')

1. EC Abstract
2. Decentralized Energy Cluster ('DEC')
3. EC Objectives
4. EC Economic Benefits

1. EC Abstract

A QUANTUM LEAP for current national energy supply systems will be the establishment of new local ENERGY COMMUNITIES, operating based on local and almost autonomous energy system architectures (DECENTRALIZED ENERGY CLUSTER) and new business models. Those models shall focus on the fact that the EC Members are acting often simultaneously as DEC investors as well as energy producers and consumers.

The individual energy balance of each EC Member will be maintained via local energy accounts, whereof energy can be acquired, by using locally valid Energy Cards for (i.e. wireless) onsite trading. For example, while EC Members are producing solar energy or distributing their waste efficiently to the local waste conversion plant (pyrolysis), they are continuously accumulating balance on their energy accounts. These balances can be utilized for credits, i.e. when fuelling the car at the local fuelling station, provided that the consumed energy carrier (i.e. electricity or hydrogen), has been generated from local energy community resources.

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2. Decentralized Energy Cluster ('DEC')

Renewable primary energy source (Solar, wind, waste, biomass etc.), available based on their nature in the direct neighborhood of the final energy application, have new requirements on an energy transmission system. A new energy system architecture has to be applied, the DECENTRALIZED ENERGY CLUSTER.

Those DEC are based on local Renewable Energy (RE) sources, local RE storage media, local RE applications and a local energy transmission grid (‘Micro-Grid’), successfully applying the Smart Grid concept for a balanced energy distribution, within a DEC and between them.

The rapidly arising divers DECs with their local Micro-Grids will be furthermore connected via the national Macro-Grid, to enable cross regional energy balancing, during time windows of high or low energy demand/capacity. But, the focus shall remain on the establishment of many new Micro-Grids and not on a new Macro-Grid!

In order to avoid further landscape impacts, the necessarily remaining part of the national Macro-Grid shall be implemented ideally as mostly new buried HVDC cable lines!

This shall enable an efficient integration of still centralized established renewable energy sources (i.e. Off-shore wind, Hydro power, waste conversion etc.). Accordingly those sources can be integrated efficiently into the overall and cross-regional energy supply system.

The DECs shall provide a mixture of separated AC and DC transmission to corresponding local AC and DC applications. There shall be a special focus on loss optimized transmissions between AC/DC sources and AC/DC applications!

The more technical description of the DEC will be provided soon at site!

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3. EC Objectives:

1. Accelerate potential self dynamics, for the establishment of ENERGY COMMUNITIES with local decentralized renewable energy generation, storage, transmission and application
2. Apply and enhance the Spanish Electricity Feed Act 2010 as the optimized framework for the development of the ENERGY COMMUNITIES
3. Avoid unnecessary extensions of current national energy transmission networks, with their substantial transmission losses and landscape impacts
4. Establish local ENERGY COMMUNITIES as pilots to supersede current single AC transmission and enable future oriented network mix for AC and DC generation, transmission and application
5. Increase energy efficiency at ENERGY COMMUNITY members: public, private and commercial
6. Avoid future treats from Peak Oil consequences (expected substantial energy price increases, due to shortness of global resources) for private, commercial and public ENERGY COMMUNITIES members
7. Accelerate Spain's leadership role in the innovative breakthrough establishment of local ENERGY COMMUNITIES, based on natural local access rates to renewable energy and the already dynamically growing local exploitation

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4. EC Economic Benefits:

1. Reduced energy distribution losses, through separated local AC/DC transmission
2. Reduced energy distribution costs (operative and at installation)
3. Reduction of landscape impacts through avoided transmission line extensions
4. Increased competitiveness and revenues for commercial members of those ENERGY COMMUNITIES, through advancing independence from global energy market price fluctuations
5. Increased local labor in the ENERGY COMMUNITY infrastructure establishment and maintenance services and additionally in related technology provisioning sectors
6. Accelerated the Win-Win-Commercialization of technologies, know-how, services and Best Management Practices required for successful ENERGY COMMUNITY operations
7. Gained profits from ENERGY COMMUNITIES should be reinvested in R&D and test applications primarily in the areas of:
   • Renewable Energy technologies
   • Innovative, local network systems
   • Technologies for local energy storage

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The current challenge...

Our current energy supply infrastructure is based on a historically conditioned Energy Provisioning Paradigm (‘EPP’), which is responsible for the fact that electricity from renewable sources (i.e. in Germany: hydroelectric since 1891 and wind power for mechanical mill acceleration since 1870s) has always been treated by the power providers like electricity from normal power plants and was fed into the out-of-date and inefficient long distance energy transmission grid (‘Macro-Grid’).

This is questionable, not only from a physical point of view!

That historic system concept is based on a few power plants, which have been operated centralized, depended on their limited logistical access to fossil or natural primary energy resources (carbon, petrol, and natural gas or Hydro power). Accordingly substantial network infrastructures had to be installed and operated, in order to distribute the electricity from its origins, a few central (‘n’) locations of power generation, to its destination, the almost infinite decentralized (‘m’) locations of power application…

There are several approaches, still within the framework of the out-of-date EPP, to better meet the challenge of this dynamic n-to-m energy transmission. Accordingly current and future network infrastructures shall be enhanced by facilities for a real time energy supply/demand information exchange. This Smart Grid concept is supposed to enable better energy supply/demand balancing, even along the Macro-Grid.

Some serious doubts remain, whether the challenges on a future energy supply system, can sufficiently be solved in this way!

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